g -> k
2021-06-19 19:21:26.067557
ヘブライ語の子音 "g" (ג "gimel" と呼ばれる) は、日本語では声門音を取り除いて "k" となった。特に単語の先頭で顕著である。
例えば、ヘブライ語の "gechel" (strongs: 1513) は "炭" や "焦げ" を意味し、日本語の動詞 "kogeru" (焦げる) の語源である。 ( "ch" が "g" になった経緯は別の投稿で述べる)。
いくつかのヘブライ語の母音は、すべて近代日本語の母音 "k" に収束した。具体的には、
- g (ג or "gimel") -> k (特に単語の先頭)(例: gilgal -> kurukuru 「クルクル」、goy -> kuni 「国」)
- q (ק or "qoph") -> k (例: qol -> kowe 「声」、qasheh -> kitsui 「キツイ」)
- ch (ח or "het") -> k (例: chomah -> kabe 「壁」)
- k (כ or "kaph") -> k (変化なし) (例: kabeth -> kibishii 「厳しい」)
また、古日本語では母音 "k" に対して2つの異なる表記があった。したがって、これらの完全な収束は、後期の中世日本語の時代までにはじまったと考えられる。
The Hebrew consonant "g" (ג or "gimel") became the sound "k" in Japanese losing the gutteral sound. We see this especially at the beginning of words.
For example, the Hebrew word "gechel" (strongs:
1513) meaning "coal" or "char" was the original word from which the Japanese verb "kogeru" (焦げる) meaning to "burn", "scorch" or "char" is derived. (I will talk about how "ch" became "g", in a different post).
There was a convergence of a number of Hebrew consonants that all consolidated into the Modern Japanese consonant "k", namely these are:
- g (ג or "gimel") -> k (especially at the beginning of words)
- q (ק or "qoph")-> k
- ch (ח or "het") -> k
- k (כ or "kaph") -> k (no change)
It is also noted that there were
two distinct written forms for the consonant "k" in Old Japanese. So the full convergence of these likely did not fully happen until the
Late Middle Japanese period.
gimel
gechel
kogeru
g
k